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An engineering reference for the technologies that separate water from its contaminants. Each entry explains how the technology works, where it is used, what constrains its design, and — stated explicitly — what EngiMetric actually models for it.
This is a knowledge layer, not a calculation engine. Where a technology has no EngiMetric engine, its page says so and shows no figures. The numbers EngiMetric does produce always come from the Plant Designer or from a calculator, never from this library.
Every technology carries four independent statuses. Three of them describe the industry; three describe EngiMetric. They are deliberately separate, because a mature, widely commercialised technology can still be completely un-modeled here.
28 technologies catalogued · 9 actively supported by EngiMetric · 14 explicitly not quantitatively modeled
Treatment process
Unit operations that condition the feed before the main separation step.
Filtration, membrane and exchange steps that sit ahead of a primary separation process. They decide whether the primary process is protectable, and several of them are fully quantified inside EngiMetric today.
5 technologies · 4 modeled by EngiMetric
Treatment process
Pressure-driven membrane separation of salts from water.
Reverse osmosis in its seawater, brackish and multi-pass configurations. This is the most heavily engineered part of the platform, and the only route into the Plant Designer.
4 technologies · 4 modeled by EngiMetric
Treatment process
Vapour-compression and multi-effect processes.
Heat-driven processes that separate salt by evaporation and condensation. Catalogued for orientation only: EngiMetric has no thermal desalination engine and states no energy or performance figures for these technologies.
3 technologies · 1 modeled by EngiMetric
Treatment process
What happens to the reject stream after separation.
Concentrate management, volume reduction and recovery. EngiMetric derives concentrate flow and concentrate TDS by salt conservation; it does not yet model the downstream concentration equipment itself.
4 technologies · 0 modeled by EngiMetric
Treatment process
Where the energy comes from, and how it is recovered.
Renewable coupling, waste-heat integration and energy-recovery devices. Where an energy-recovery calculation exists it is exposed through the RO tools rather than as a separate technology page.
5 technologies · 2 modeled by EngiMetric
Treatment process
Research-stage separations with no EngiMetric engine.
Membrane and phase-change separations under development. Listed so an engineer can orient the landscape. These pages carry no performance figures from EngiMetric, because none are modelled.
4 technologies · 0 modeled by EngiMetric
Application architecture
Packaging and application architecture, not a treatment process.
Containerised, skid-mounted, remote and mobile systems. A skid-mounted RO plant is still RO — what changes is the enclosure, the deployment model and the application. No fixed capacities are stated here; sizing comes from the Plant Designer.
3 technologies · 3 modeled by EngiMetric
Granular-bed filtration that removes suspended solids ahead of a membrane, sized here from design flow, filtration rate and bed geometry.
Low-pressure membrane barrier that removes colloids, bacteria and suspended solids ahead of RO or NF, quantified by membrane area, TMP and flux condition.
Loose-rejection membrane separation between UF and RO, used for hardness reduction and partial demineralisation before an RO stage.
Exchanger-based demineralisation and softening, sized by resin volume, bed area, service flow and regenerant demand.
Disposable or washable depth filters that protect downstream membranes from particles, ahead of any high-pressure stage.
The core desalination technology of the platform: a semi-permeable membrane driven by pressure, with recovery, salt rejection, energy and concentrate all derived by real engines.
RO applied to seawater: high feed salinity, single-pass configuration, and a recovery limited by osmotic pressure and scaling rather than by membrane rejection.
RO applied to low-salinity groundwater or reuse water: lower osmotic pressure allows much higher recovery and lower pressure than seawater.
A second RO pass on the first permeate, optionally with interstage recycle, to reach a permeate quality a single pass cannot deliver economically.
Vapour-compression multi-stage evaporation, usually tied to a waste-heat source. Catalogued for orientation; EngiMetric models no MED thermal or performance figures.
Heated brine flashed through successive pressure stages. Catalogued for orientation; EngiMetric models no MSF thermal or performance figures.
Combining SWRO with a thermal stage, usually to treat the RO concentrate thermally. EngiMetric models the RO half of this arrangement only.
Handling the reject stream: its flow and salinity are derived by the RO engines, but its disposal or reuse route is not modelled.
Concentrating a brine to a dry or near-dry residue. Catalogued for orientation; EngiMetric has no ZLD engine and states no thermal or crystalliser figures.
Recovering salts such as sodium chloride from a concentrate. Orientation only; EngiMetric models no crystallization or product-yield calculation.
Solar evaporation in lined ponds, the lowest-energy concentrate volume reduction available. Orientation only.
Devices that transfer pressure energy from the RO concentrate stream back into the feed, reducing specific energy consumption without changing the separation.
An RO plant whose electrical demand is supplied by photovoltaic generation, usually with storage. Orientation only; no EngiMetric energy model.
Concentrating solar power driving a thermal desalination cycle. Research-to-early-commercial; EngiMetric models no part of it.
Desalination driven by low-grade heat already available on site, typically from power generation or process exhaust. Orientation only.
Simultaneous generation of electricity and heat, where the heat is used by a thermal desalination cycle. Orientation only.
Osmotically driven separation using a draw solution, attractive at low salinity. Research-stage; EngiMetric models none of it.
Vapour transport through a hydrophobic membrane, driven by a vapour pressure difference. Research-stage; not modeled.
Electrodeionisation by adsorption in an electric field, effective at very low salinity. Research/early-commercial; not modeled.
Electric-field separation of ions through ion-exchange membranes. Relevant to salt production from brine; not modeled.
Packaging and deployment architectures — containerised, skid-mounted, mobile and remote. The treatment process is unchanged; the enclosure and the application are what differ.
A complete treatment train integrated inside a shipping container. An application architecture built on a treatment process, not a process of its own.
The treatment train assembled on a framed skid for truck or crane installation. An application architecture, not a separate process.
No technologies match that filter.
For the underlying concepts rather than the technologies, start with Engineering Topics and the Technical Guides. Topics explain how the physics works; this library explains what the technology is.
Every technology page links only to tools that genuinely exist. Use the calculator catalogue for a single quantity, or the RO workbench to hold a set of related results together.
For an actual plant, use the Plant Designer. It is the engineering core: one ordered treatment train feeding a mass balance, then equipment, schedule, BOQ and report. The design guide walks through a complete Single-Stage RO case.